BASE -LINE PIN
Measured on: clone IEC 711supports Squiglinksquig.link/303540455055606570758085dB20Hz30405060801001502003004005006008001k1.5k2k3k4k5k6k8k10k15k20kHzHarman Adjusted TargetSuper 22 TargetIEF Comp TargetCrinEar Meta (L)CrinEar Meta (R)
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Sub bass frequencies are responsible for rumble. Elevated sub bass can lend an added sense of depth to music, and usually does not come at the expense of "bleeding into the midrange." Is there a limit to how much sub bass sounds good? Some may argue no, but I find too much sub bass can sound conspicuously disjointed from the rest of the music. It's notable, however, that a lot of music is light on usage of sub bass, so a sound signature that's big on sub-bass but light on mid bass may not sound very bassy with some popular recordings.

Mid bass is responsible for a sense of punch. In contrast to sub bass, mid bass is typically more percussive and energetic, feeling like it's literally pushing air, and can lend a sense of body and fullness to a sound. Listeners craving a "bassy" sound will commonly be more satisfied by mid bass emphasis, as it will add a bassy punch to most common music. However, too much mid bass can give the sound a sense of bloat, or even yield the dreaded midrange "bleed" in which lower midrange notes are masked and smeared by excessive mid bass presence. Ideally, mid bass tapers off by 200Hz.

A full lower midrange, tapering upward into the bass region, can lend a sense of thickness and warmth to the overall tone, while a "scooped" lower midrange can give a very clean sound at the cost of some thinness to the body. A lot of deep vocal micro detail depends on a well-executed lower midrange. But lower midrange is often sacrificed to create contrast between bass and treble for a typical "V-shaped" sound signature, which will commonly exhibit less natural vocal timbre than a more linear midrange tune.

Upper midrange is where a lot of "clarity" in a tune comes from. An elevated -- or "forward" -- upper midrange typically results in a forward vocal presentation, especially emphasizing higher-pitched vocals. Trumpets and guitars get their bite from upper midrange frequencies. Too much upper midrange can result in shrill or "shouty" vocals. Too little can result in a distant, recessed sound that's low on clarity. And uneven upper midrange emphasis can lead to oddly nasal or hollow vocals, with other odd timbral effects.

Also commonly referred to as "lower treble," the presence region has a lot to do with the naturalness of vocal transients. Too much emphasis here and vocals may take on an "edgy" or metallic character. Too little emphasis and the tune can lose definition and sound soft or dark. Much of the initial bite of trumpet and acoustic guitar string transients comes from a well-tuned presence region.

A lot of treble harshness and fatigue comes from the mid treble. Peaks in this region commonly result in unpleasant sharpness, or sibilance in vocals which adds abrasive harshness to S and T sounds. Too little mid treble, however, will result in a dark or dead sound, resulting in odd timbre to cymbal strikes. Making matters difficult for us graph readers, there is a commonly-observed "resonance peak" that appears in measurements, usually situated at 8kHz, that is an artifact of the measurement process. It can often be hard to tell how much of such a peak is "real" without listening.

In the way sub bass can add a sense of depth to the low end, air frequencies -- also called upper treble -- can add a dimensionality via the top end. When air frequencies are "rolled off," the sound may lose a sense of micro detail and definition, and cymbals may lose shimmer, leaving them blunt in their decay. Too much air is not common, but certainly possible, resulting in a fatiguing "shh shh" to cymbals, drum brushes, and other high-frequency sounds.

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Apple
Audio
Audiosense
Auglamour
Aune
BGVP
Binary Acoustics
Blon
BQEYZ
Brainwavz
Campfire Audio
Canpur
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CCA
CCZ
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7Hz Salnotes Zero
7Hz Salnotes x Crinacle Zero 2
7Hz Timeless
7Hz Timeless 2
7th Acoustics Proxima
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64 Audio Aspire 4
64 Audio Duo
64 Audio Fourte
64 Audio Fourte Blanc
64 Audio Nio
64 Audio Solo
64 Audio Trio
64 Audio U4s
64 Audio U6t
64 Audio U12t
64 Audio U18s
64 Audio U18t
64 Audio Volur
634ears MIROAK-II
Acoustune RS One
Aful Acoustics Cantor
Aful Acoustics Explorer
Aful Acoustics MagicOne
Aful Acoustics Performer 5
Aful Acoustics Performer 5+2
Aful Acoustics Performer 8
Airlines Delta Studio
Airlines JetBlue Earbuds
Alpha & Omega Omega
Alpha & Omega Ra
Arpegear Hane
Akoustyx R-120
Akoustyx R-220
Akoustyx S-6
Apple AirPods Pro
Audio Hekili
Audio Lokahi
Audiosense AQ7
Audiosense DT200
Audiosense T180
Auglamour F300
Auglamour RT-3
Aune Jasper
BGVP DMA
BGVP DM6
BGVP DM8
BGVP DM9
BGVP DMG
BGVP Melody
BGVP NS9
BGVP Phantom
Binary Acoustics x Gizaudio Chopin
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Blon A8 Prometheus
Blon BL03
Blon BL05
Blon Z300
BQEYZ Autumn
BQEYZ Frost
Brainwavz Koel
Campfire Audio Andromeda 2019
Campfire Audio Andromeda 2020
Campfire Audio Ara
Campfire Audio Dorado 2020
Campfire Audio Moon Rover
Campfire Audio Onyx
Campfire Audio Pathfinder
Canpur CP622B
Cayin Fantasy
CCA C10
CCA CRA
CCA CRA Plus
CCA Hydro
CCZ Plume
Co-Donguri Brass
Co-Donguri Shizuku
Colorfly Quintet
CrinEar Daybreak
CrinEar Meta
CrinEar Reference
Custom Art Fibae 7 Unlimited
Dita Mecha
Drop / Massdrop Plus
Dunu x Gizaudio DaVinci
Dunu DK3001BD
Dunu EST 112
Dunu Falcon Pro
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Dunu Glacier
Dunu Kima
Dunu Kima 2
Dunu Mirai
Dunu SA3
Dunu SA6
Dunu SA6 mkII
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Dunu SA6 Ultra
Dunu Titan S
Dunu Titan S2
Dunu Talos
Dunu Vulkan
Dunu Zen
Dunu Zen Pro
EarFun Free Pro - Oluv Edition
Effect Audio Axiom
Effect Audio x Elysian Acoustic Labs Gaea
Elysian Acoustic Labs Annihilator
Elysian Acoustic Labs Annihilator 2023
Elysian Acoustic Labs Diva 2023
Elysian Acoustic Labs Pilgrim
Elysian Acoustic Labs Pilgrim: Noir
Empire Ears Bravado mk.II
Empire Ears ESR mk.II
Empire Ears Legend Evo
Empire Ears Valkyrie mk.II
EPZ 530
EPZ G10
EPZ K5
EPZ P50
EPZ Q1 Pro
EPZ Q5
Etymotic ETY Kids
Etymotic ER2SE
Etymotic ER2XR
Etymotic ER4S
Etymotic ER4XR
Etymotic ERX
Etymotic Evo
Etymotic MK5 Isolator
Fatfreq x HBB Deuce
Fatfreq Grand Maestro
Fiio FA1
Fiio FA19
Fiio FD3
Fiio FD5
Fiio FD7
Fiio FD11
Fiio FH1
Fiio FH3
Fiio FH5
Fiio FH5S
Fiio FH7S
Fiio FH11
Fiio FH15
Fiio FHE: Eclipse
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Fiio FX15
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Final Audio A4000
Final Audio B3
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Final Audio VR3000
FLC 8P
FLC DD31
GS Audio GD3A
GS Audio GD3C
GS Audio SE11
HarmonicDyne P.D.1
Haylou GT1
Haylou GT2
Hiby Crystal6
Hiby Crystal6 II
Hiby Xoe
Hiby Yacht 10
Hidition Violet
Hi-Fri Audio Aphex
Hifiman Bolt
Hisenior Mega5-EST
Hisenior Mega5-EST Bass+
Hisenior Okavango
HZSound Heart Mirror
HZSound Heart Mirror Zero
iBasso IT01X
Ice Lab Spectrumica
Ikko Gems OH1s
Ikko OH1
Ikko OH10
Ikko Opal OH2
Intime Sora
Intime Sora Light
I/O Sogno
I/O Volare
JH Audio Layla Aion
JVC FDX1
JVC FWX1
JVC FX7 Gumy
Juzear 41T
Juzear 61T
Juzear 81T
KBEar Believe
KBEar Diamond
KBEar KS2
Kefine Delci
Kefine Delci AE
Kinera Celest Wyvern Abyss
Kinera Celest Wyvern Qing
Kinera Freya
Kinera Sif
Kiwi Ears Cadenza
Kiwi Ears KE4
Kiwi Ears Orchestra
Kiwi Ears Orchestra Lite
Kiwi Ears Quartet
Kiwi Ears Quintet
Kiwi Ears x Crinacle Singolo
Koss KEB90
KZ AS06
KZ AS10
KZ AST
KZ ATE
KZ ASX
KZ Castor
KZ CRN / ZEX Pro
KZ D-Fi
KZ DQ6
KZ EDX Pro
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KZ SK10
KZ ZEX
KZ ZS7
KZ ZS10
KZ ZS10 Pro
KZ ZS10 Pro X
KZ ZSN Pro
KZ (average)
Letshuoer Cadenza 4
Letshuoer Cadenza 12
Letshuoer D13
Letshuoer DZ4
Letshuoer EJ07M
Letshuoer EJ07M: Kinda Lava
Letshuoer x Gizaudio Galileo
Letshuoer Mystic 8
Letshuoer Singer
Letshuoer S08
Letshuoer S12
Letshuoer S15
LG HBS800
Lime Ears Maris
Lime Ears Terra
Magaosi K3
Magaosi K5
MEE Audio M6 Pro 2nd Gen
Meizu Live
Meze Alba
Mi True Wireless Earbuds Basic 2
MiM Audio Dark Magician
MiM Audio Dark Magician (Revised)
Monoprice Quartet
Moondrop Alice
Moondrop Aria
Moondrop Aria 2
Moondrop Aria: Snow Edition
Moondrop Blessing 2
Moondrop x Crinacle Blessing 2: Dusk
Moondrop Blessing 3
Moondrop Chu
Moondrop Chu 2
Moondrop Concerto
Moondrop Crescent
Moondrop Dark Saber
Moondrop The Droplet
Moondrop x Crinacle Dusk
Moondrop Golden Ages
Moondrop Illumination
Moondrop Jiu
Moondrop Kanas Pro
Moondrop Kadenz
Moondrop KATO
Moondrop KXXS
Moondrop KXXX
Moondrop LAN
Moondrop May
Moondrop Meteor
Moondrop Moca
Moondrop Nekocake
Moondrop Quarks
Moondrop Quarks DSP
Moondrop Quark2
Moondrop S8
Moondrop Solis
Moondrop Solis 2
Moondrop Spaceship
Moondrop Sparks
Moondrop SSP
Moondrop SSR
Moondrop Stardust
Moondrop Starfield
Moondrop Starfield 2
Moondrop Stellaris
Moondrop Variations
Moondrop Ultrasonic
Moondrop Voyager
Myer Audio CKLVX D62
NF Audio NA2+
NF Audio NM2
NF Audio RA15
NiceHCK NX8
NiceHCK Topguy
Night Oblivion Butastur
Nightjar Acoustics Singularity
Nothing Ear 2
OB Heart Mirror
OpenAudio Mercury
OpenAudio Siren
Oriolus 2nd Gen
Oriolus Traillii
Oriveti bleqk: Dynabird
Penon Fan 3
Philips SHE3590PK/28
Phonak Audeo PFE 112
Pula Anvil 114
PMG Audio Apx SE
Prisma Audio Azul
QDC Anole VX
QDC Anole V14
QDC Neptune
QDC Uranus
QKZ x HBB
QKZ x HBB Hades
Radius HP-NEF11
Raptgo Hook
Samsung Earphones tuned by AKG
Samsung Earphones tuned by AKG (2019)
Samsung Galaxy Buds +
Samsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
SeeAudio Bravery
SeeAudio Yume
SeeAudio Yume: Midnight
Sennheiser IE 40 Pro
Sennheiser IE 200
Sennheiser IE 300
Sennheiser IE 600
Sennheiser IE 900
Sennheiser Momentum TW2
Sennheiser Momentum TW3
Shanling ME700 Lite
Shozy CP
Shozy Rouge
Shure SE215
Simgot EA500
Simgot EA500 LM
Simgot EA1000
Simgot EM6L
Simgot EN700 Pro
Simgot SuperMix4
Sivga Nightingale
Sivga Que
Softears Enigma
Softears RSV
Softears Studio4
Softears Volume
Softears Volume S
Sony IER-Z1R
Sony IER-NW510N
Sony MDR-EX15LP
Sony MDR-AS800
Sony MH1
Sony MH755
Sony WF-1000XM3
Sony WF-1000XM4
Sony WF-1000XM5
Sony XBA-A3
Sony XBA-N3
Status Audio IEM-2X
Symphonium Audio Helios
Symphonium Audio Helios SE
Symphonium Audio Meteor
Symphonium Audio Titan
Symphonium Audio Triton
Tanchjim 4U
Tanchjim Bunny
Tanchjim Darling
Tanchjim Echo
Tanchjim Hana
Tanchjim Hana 2021
Tanchjim Kara
Tanchjim Ola
Tanchjim One
Tanchjim Origin
Tanchjim Oxygen
Tanchjim Prism
Tanchjim Tanya
Tanchjim Zero
Tangzu Wan'er
Tangzu Wu Heyday Edition
Tangzu Wu Zetian
Tansio Mirai Shock
Tansio Mirai Spark
Tenhz 3BA
Tenhz P4 Pro
TFZ No.3
TFZ T2 Galaxy
ThieAudio Clairvoyance
ThieAudio Elixir
ThieAudio Hype 2
ThieAudio Hype 4
ThieAudio Legacy 2
ThieAudio Legacy 4
ThieAudio Legacy 5
ThieAudio Monarch
ThieAudio Monarch MkII
ThieAudio Monarch MkIII
ThieAudio Oracle
ThieAudio Oracle mkII
ThieAudio Oracle mkIII
ThieAudio Origin
Thinksound Rain3
Tin Hifi C0 Elf
Tin Hifi C2 Mech Warrior
Tin Hifi C2 2025
Tin Hifi C3
Tin Hifi C5
Tin Hifi Dudu
Tin Hifi P1
Tin Hifi P1 Max
Tin Hifi P1 Plus
Tin Hifi T2
Tin Hifi T2 DLC
Tin Hifi T2 Evo
Tin Hifi T2 Plus
Tin Hifi T2 Pro
Tin Hifi T3
Tin Hifi T3 Plus
Tin Hifi T4
Tin Hifi T4 Plus
Tin Hifi T5
Tin Hifi T5S Mars
Tin Hifi Tin Buds 3
Tozo A1
Tripowin Cencibel
Tripowin x HBB Kailua
Tripowin Lea
Tripowin x HBB Mele
Tripowin x HBB Olina
Tripowin x HBB Olina SE
Tripowin Rhombus
Tripowin x 0DiBi Vivace
TRN IM1
TRN V30
TRN V90
Truthear Gate
Truthear Hexa
Truthear Hola
Truthear Nova
Truthear Zero
Truthear Zero Blue 2
Truthear Zero: Red
Ucotech RE-2
Unique Melody MEST
Unique Melody MEST mkII
Vision Ears VE7
Vision Ears VE8
Vsonic GR07
Vsonic GR07 Bass Edition
Vsonic VS7
Whizzer Kylin
Xenns Mangird Tea
Xenns Mangird Tea 2
Xenns Mangird Top
Yanyin Canon II
Yanyin Mahina
Yinfu MD51
Yinyoo V2
Ziigaat x Jay Estrella
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